Debian 12 “Bookworm”

The Debian project released its final version of Debian 12 on June 10, 2023. After two years of development, this release is powered by the long-term supported Linux Kernel 6.1 LTS.

Debian 12 Default Desktop

Steps After Installation

1. Add Repositories to sources.list

Edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file using your preferred text editor (e.g., nano or vim) and add the following lines:

# Official Repositories
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm main

deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main

deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates main

# Security Updates
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware

# Multimedia Repositories
deb https://www.deb-multimedia.org bookworm main non-free

Install Multimedia Keyring

Before updating, run the following commands to ensure secure repository handling:

apt-get update -o Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories=true
apt-get install deb-multimedia-keyring

2. Update the System

Keeping your system up to date is essential. Run this command to update and upgrade all packages:

apt update && apt upgrade -y

3. Install Basic Packages

Install essential tools and packages for development and system management:

apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r | sed 's/[^-]*-[^-]*-//') build-essential make automake cmake autoconf git aptitude synaptic curl apt-transport-https qapt-deb-installer

Update System PATH

To ensure proper functionality of dpkg, update your system’s PATH variable. Replace **user** with your username:

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin' >> /home/**user**/.bashrc

4. Install Firmware

During installation, Debian may display a list of missing firmware. You can:

  1. Search and install these firmware packages via Synaptic Package Manager.
  2. Identify missing firmware using the following command:
dmesg | grep firmware

Install the required firmware through Synaptic or the terminal.

5. Install Media Codecs

For multimedia support, install the following codecs:

apt install w64codecs w32codecs libdvdcss2 gstreamer1.0-libav

Follow these steps to set up your Debian 12 system for optimal performance and usability. Happy Linuxing!